Altarpiece – The Concept
Themed on religion, altarpiece refers to a piece of artwork, placed on or behind the altar of a Christian Church or any other related religious platform. It is suspended in a frame behind the altar, or can be placed on it.
The Details
Its centre shows Christ, Mary, or a Saint, while the sidepieces carry their life history background. An Altarpiece is made up of two or more panels adorned with panel painting. Panel painting refers to the artistry done on the panels made of a single or a number of wood pieces. An Altarpiece is known as diptych, triptych, or polyptych equating to two, three, and multiple panels, respectively. It can also be made up of the groups of statutory placed on altar. These pieces vary in size and conception. They may have small portable pictures to huge structures embracing art, architecture, sculpture, and painting.
The Artists and the Artworks
Several famous examples of altarpiece are:
o The Ghent Altarpiece – Also known as, the Adoration of the Mystic Lamb, it was completed in 1432 by the Flemish painters Hubert Van Eyck (1366-1426) and Jan Van Eyck (1395-1441). The beautiful Belgian masterpiece is a very large and complex Early Netherlands polyptych panel painting. The altarpiece consists of 24-compartmented scenes, which form two views upon opening and closing. The moving outer panels facilitate the view alteration.
o Pala d’ Oro Altarpiece – This high altar retable of the Basilica de San Marco (completed 1617) in Venice, Italy, is recognized as one of the most refined and accomplished works of Byzantine (330-1453) craftsmanship. Its both, front and rear, sides are decorated. The altarpiece consists of two parts. The lower part with enamels illustrates the story of Saint Mark, the doge’s portrait, and the Pantocrator Group.
o Isenhiem Altarpiece – A German artist Matthias Grunewald (1470-1528) painted it during 1512-16. It is the largest work ever painted in the Monastery of St. Anthony in Isenheim, Alsace, France. The altarpiece has two wing panels and one central, providing three units display. The first view is Crucifixion Scene, depicting the images of Saint Anthony and Saint Sebastian. The second scene is that of Annunciation, the original subject of Mary bathing Jesus to the accompaniment of an Angelic choir, and the Resurrection. The third view depicts the temptation of Saint Anthony and the meeting of Saint Anthony and Hermit Paul to the sides.
o Altarpiece of Veit Stoss – Also known as St. Mary’s altar, it is the world’s largest altarpiece in Gothic flavor. Located behind the main altar of St. Mary’s Basilica (completed 14th century) in Poland, it was created by German sculptor Veit Stoss (1450-1533) during 1477-89. Measuring 13m X 11m, this is an open triptych made of lime, oak, and larch woods. At the top, Mary’s coronation is shown. Saint Stanislaus and Saint Adalbert of Prague are present on her either side. The upper central part portrays the Assumption of the Madonna, while the bottom shows the death of Mary. The Twelve Apostles are also present.
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